Vitiligo, also known as leucoderma, is a skin condition characterized by the development of white patches on various parts of the body. These patches emerge due to the destruction of melanocytes, the skin cells responsible for producing melanin—a pigment that gives skin its color and shields it from the sun’s harmful UV rays. This condition can affect individuals of any age, gender, or ethnic background, resulting in white patches on the skin that can occur anywhere on the body. Importantly, vitiligo is not contagious.

The precise cause of vitiligo remains elusive, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder. In this condition, the body’s immune system erroneously targets and eliminates melanocytes, leading to depigmentation. Genetic factors likely play a role, as vitiligo often runs in families, and certain genes may increase susceptibility to the disorder. Additionally, vitiligo may be associated with other medical conditions, including thyroid dysfunction. While vitiligo itself is not physically painful and does not pose significant health risks, its emotional and psychological impact can be profound.